Swordfish Fishing Guide

The swordfish (Xiphias gladius) is the sole member of its family and one of the most ecologically remarkable fish in the world — a partially warm-blooded, deep-diving apex predator capable of sustained swimming speeds exceeding 60 mph. Unlike other billfish, swordfish are solitary, not schooling, and make daily vertical migrations between cold, deep water (1,500+ feet during daylight) and the warm surface at night. They are endothermic in the eyes and brain — a specialized vascular system maintains elevated temperatures for optimal vision in cold, dark deep water. Modern daytime deepwater swordfishing, developed off Florida in the 2000s using electric reels and deep baits at 1,200–1,800 feet, has transformed the fishery from a primarily nighttime pursuit. Florida's Atlantic coast and the Gulf of Mexico are the most productive US swordfishing grounds.

Swordfish is a saltwater species.

Habitat

Deep, temperate to tropical oceanic waters worldwide; in US waters, primarily the Atlantic off Florida and the Gulf of Mexico for the best sport fishery. During daylight, they inhabit depths of 600–1,800 feet; at night they rise to the surface to feed. Found wherever deep, warm water is accessible — submarine canyon edges are particularly productive.

Diet

Squid, mackerel, bluefish, menhaden, and various deep-sea fish. A highly opportunistic apex predator that uses its bill to stun large, fast prey and is capable of feeding at extreme depths where light is minimal.

Fishing Techniques

• Deep-drop fishing with electric reels at 1,500+ feet
• Night drifting with large squid bait
• Kite fishing with large bait at night
• Daytime swordfishing on the deep Gulf ledge

Best Seasons

Summer, Fall

Size & Records

Average weight: 150 lbs. World record: 1182.5 lbs (Iquique, Chile (1953)).